| A NOVEL CONCEPT FOR EMC RADIATED IMMUNITY TESTING | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/A NOVEL CONCEPT FOR EMC RADIATED IMMUNITY TESTING | A NOVEL CONCEPT FOR EMC RADIATED IMMUNITY TESTING | <p>The pressure to bring new products to the market, with reduced time to market, high quality and reduced cost, has never been greater. For most electrical and electronic products, the necessity of complying with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations in order to sell in global markets adds to these pressures. Considering the increased importance of EMC testing for electronic systems, the associated challenges seem to grow simultaneously. These challenges range from increased importance of EMC in the product design phase, to improving EMC test standards for new technologies to developing more efficient instrumentation for EMC testing. </p> | <p>Ammar Sarwar and Vincent Keyser </p> | 2015-12-01T06:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/ICM_Dec15_Sarwar-KeyserEMFieldPaper.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" /> A NOVEL CONCEPT FOR EMC RADIATED IMMUNITY TESTING </a> | | |
| A Novel Concept for EMC Radiated Immunity Testing using Field Generators | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/A Novel Concept for EMC Radiated Immunity Testing using Field Generators | A Novel Concept for EMC Radiated Immunity Testing using Field Generators | To improve efficiencies and reduce costs in Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) testing, a new instrument is developed which merges antennas and amplifiers to overcome difficulties in the traditional EMC Radiated Immunity (RI) setup. A power amplifier is one of the most expensive instruments in an EMC RI test setup. In the conventional setup, according to IEC-61000-4-3, up to 6 dB of the amplifier’s rated power is lost for several reasons, e.g., internal cabling within the amplifier, the amplifier’s output combiner stage, directional couplers, and cables between the coupler and antenna itself. In this paper a novel concept is presented where active antenna arrays, amplifier stages and directional couplers are combined into one unit, termed a field generator. In this configuration, the E-field (V/m) requirement is emphasized rather than the rated power (W) of the amplifier. Although this concept is not limited to a certain field strength or frequency range, we will discuss the validation of this concept in the 1-6 GHz frequency range to generate 10V/m E-field at a 3m distance to meet the requirements specified in IEC-61000-4-3. The advantages of this concept and a few design challenges in implementation will be discussed. Simulation and measurement results will be presented. <br> | A. Sarwar, ETS-Lindgren and V. Keyser, ETS-Lindgren<br> | 2015-09-01T05:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/EMCTurkey15.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />A Novel Concept for EMC Radiated Immunity Testing using Field Generators</a> | | |
| AUTOMOTIVE EMC TESTING: CISPR 25, ISO 11452-2 AND EQUIVALENT STANDARDS | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/AUTOMOTIVE EMC TESTING: CISPR 25, ISO 11452-2 AND EQUIVALENT STANDARDS | AUTOMOTIVE EMC TESTING: CISPR 25, ISO 11452-2 AND EQUIVALENT STANDARDS | Automotive standards addressing electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) are developed mainly by CISPR, ISO and SAE. CISPR and ISO are organizations that develop and maintain standards for use at the international level. SAE develops and maintains standards mainly for use in North America. In the past, SAE developed many EMC standards which were eventually submitted to CISPR and ISO for consideration as an international standard. As the SAE standards become international standards, the equivalent SAE standard is then withdrawn as a complete standard and reserved for use to document differences from the international standard.<br> | Garth D'Abreu, Craig Fanning and Ammar Sarwar<br> | 2016-02-01T06:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/ICM_Feb16_Dabreu-Fanning-Sarwar.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />AUTOMOTIVE EMC TESTING: CISPR 25, ISO 11452-2 AND EQUIVALENT STANDARDS</a> | | |
| Addressing the Global Threat of EMP Events: The Impact on Business and Life as We Know It | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/Addressing the Global Threat of EMP Events: The Impact on Business and Life as We Know It | Addressing the Global Threat of EMP Events: The Impact on Business and Life as We Know It | <p><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;font-family:calibri, sans-serif;">Maintaining the resiliency
of all Critical Infrastructure Segments, including the electric grid, sensitive
data centers, and vital communication channels, has become a growing concern globally
as Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) events continue to threaten society and the
operation of business and life as we know it. </span><br></p> | <p>Mike Caruso, Janet O'Neil, Bob Piemonte<br></p> | 2017-11-01T05:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/In%20Compliance%20EMP%20Article%20Nov%202017.pdf" title="Addressing the Global Threat of EMP Events: The Impact on Business and Life as We Know It"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />EMP Article Nov 2017</a> | | |
| Against All Threats: Protecting America's Power Grid | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/Against All Threats: Protecting America's Power Grid | Against All Threats: Protecting America's Power Grid | S&BP asks experts about the best ways to protect electrical infrastructure from physical and cyber attacks, geomagnetic disturbances, an electromagnetic pulse, and radio frequency and microwave weapons.<br> | Steve Melito, TDM Contributing Correspondent and Mike Caruso, ETS-Lindgren<br> | 2014-09-01T05:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/ProtectingAmericaPowerGrid.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />Against All Threats: Protecting America's Power Grid</a> | | |
| Antenna Pattern Measurement: Concepts and Techniques | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/Antenna Pattern Measurement: Concepts and Techniques | Antenna Pattern Measurement: Concepts and Techniques | <p>The first article of this two-part series explores the basic concepts and techniques of antenna pattern measurement and evaluates the benefits and drawbacks of various measurement methods. The concepts relating to near-field and far-field pattern testing are discussed as well. The second article presents the theory and equations governing antenna properties and includes a complete description of a site calibration for pattern-measurement testing</p> | <p>Michael D. Foegelle</p> | 2002-01-01T06:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/APM.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />Antenna Pattern Measurement: Concepts and Techniques </a> | | |
| Application Note 14.001 ETS-Lindgren EMField™ Generator | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/Application Note 14.001 ETS-Lindgren EMField™ Generator | Application Note 14.001 ETS-Lindgren EMField™ Generator | In this application note we will address the generation of RF fields in the 1 to 6 GHz frequency range, discuss conventional methods of field generation, and introduce the ETS-Lindgren EMField Generator, a revolution in field generation.<br> | Onno De Meijer<br> | 2014-10-01T05:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/EMField_AppNote_GW3.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />Application Note 14.001 ETS-Lindgren EMField™ Generator</a> | | |
| Designing an Efficient and Effective iMRI Facility | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/Designing an Efficient and Effective iMRI Facility | Designing an Efficient and Effective iMRI Facility | <p>Intra-Operative MRI (iMRI) is quickly becoming the go to technology in the ever evolving integration of various radiologic modalities for invasive and non-invasive patient procedures and treatments. Intra-Operative MRI is defined by the use of an MRI magnet during a surgical or treatment procedure. This can be achieved with a moving magnet that is brought into the theatre or by moving the patient to the room containing the magnet. In both cases, imaging is performed prior to, during and after the surgical or treatment procedure. The real time availability of the high resolution MR images is improving patient outcomes in a widening arena including, but not limited to, neurosurgery, cardiovascular and radiation oncology. This article will provide an overview of current iMRI technology and review design, location, safety and performance considerations to ensure an optimally functioning iMRI facility. Following a successful installation, maintenance guidelines are provided to protect your iMRI investment for years to come of optimal imaging and patient care. </p> | <p>Jim Mueth and Joe Weibler </p> | 2014-07-01T05:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/ETS052014.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />Designing an Efficient and Effective iMRI Facility </a> | | |
| EMC Test Laboratory Sofware Program Development: A Proven Process | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/EMC Test Laboratory Sofware Program Development: A Proven Process | EMC Test Laboratory Sofware Program Development: A Proven Process | <p>Asymmetric filter designs are gaining popularity in industry because of their lower cost and size, however, although this design is successful in eliminating common mode signal issues this paper will show that for certain applications such as TEMPEST these filters offer little to no protection. Symmetric filters, although physically larger and more costly due to the use of more components, provide better filtering in these applications. </p> | <p></p><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Jack McFadden</td></tr></tbody></table> | 2013-10-01T05:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/IC102013.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />EMC Test Laboratory Sofware Program Development: A Proven Process</a> | | |
| Introduction to the Crafted EMC Operational System | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/Introduction to the Crafted EMC Operational System | Introduction to the Crafted EMC Operational System | <p>Many companies are looking to reduce their cost by using automated test software as their test process control. If your software controls the test then you open your labor pool. You are no longer restricted to technicians and engineers. There are lower cost resources available. This article was created to help electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) personnel understand EMC automated test software limitations and how to craft an EMC test system to maximize efficiency and minimize cost without sacrificing quality</p> | <p>Jack McFadden</p> | 2017-08-01T05:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/SafetyEMC2017.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />Introduction to the Crafted EMC Operational System</a> | | |
| Large E Field Generators In Semi-Anechoic Chambers For Full Vehicle Immunity Testing | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/Large E Field Generators In Semi-Anechoic Chambers For Full Vehicle Immunity Testing | Large E Field Generators In Semi-Anechoic Chambers For Full Vehicle Immunity Testing | Several standards recommend the use of transmission line systems (TLS) as the field generation equipment for immunity testing. The assumption is that these systems provide a uniform field that will illuminate the whole vehicle under test. Additionally, it is assured that these systems do not radiate and that the shielded semi-anechoic chamber has no effect on their performance. In this paper the reader will be educated on the fact that the TEM field supported by these structures is not perfectly uniform over the volume occupied by the vehicle at all frequencies, and that the structure will radiate and that it will couple to the chamber enclosure. The coupling will produce potential resonances at certain frequencies depending on the size of the chamber and the height of the generator.<br> | Vicente Rodriguez<br> | 2015-04-01T05:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/SafetyAndEMC15.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />Large E Field Generators In Semi-Anechoic Chambers For Full Vehicle Immunity Testing</a> | | |
| MIMO Wireless Terminals OTA Performance Test Based on Boundary Array Methodology | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/MIMO Wireless Terminals OTA Performance Test Based on Boundary Array Methodology | MIMO Wireless Terminals OTA Performance Test Based on Boundary Array Methodology | <p>MIMO antenna technology is commonly used in high speed wireless communication (LTE, WIFI, WIMAX) as well as in high performance radar (MIMO radar). There are more and more wireless terminals with MIMO antenna around the current market. However, there are no current standardized measurement methodologies to evaluate the new technology. The main international standardization organizations, including 3GPP, CTIA and the national organization of China (CCSA), are working to standardize the test methodology. Part of the difficulty in completing a standard of the test method is due to the fact that channel models of multi-path environments complicate the test system to a large degree. Such complexity can be taken into account by the methodology based on boundary array OTA method that makes it a very important evaluation candidate for MIMO OTA performance test. The paper presents a real MIMO OTA test system. After the introduction of boundary array concept, the system calibration is described, including input and output calibration of the entire system. Subsequently, the system validation is examined from several aspects, such as power validation, filed mapping, temporal correlation and so on. Finally, the measurement results of an actual wireless product, with three different antennas, are provided to further elaborate the test methodology. At the end, the current status of the MIMO OTA test methodology standardization is provided to conclude the paper. </p> | <p>Jiang Xiao, Yulung Tang </p> | 2014-05-01T05:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/Hans032014.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />MIMO Wireless Terminals OTA Performance Test Based on Boundary Array Methodology </a> | | |
| MR Advancements Call for New Shielding Techniques | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/MR Advancements Call for New Shielding Techniques | MR Advancements Call for New Shielding Techniques | When Chris Tomlinson, radiology imaging director at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, received complaints from other areas of the hospital about the loud noises from their MR scanners, he know something had to be done about it. "When you put an MR in, if you're not shielding it you can definitely have some complaints from neighbors - they may be on the other side of the wall or even on other floors," he says.<br> | Laura Dubinsky<br> | 2014-10-01T05:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/HCB1014Dubinsky.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />MR Advancements Call for New Shielding Techniques</a> | | |
| Physical MRI Safety | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/Physical MRI Safety | Physical MRI Safety | Magnetic resonance imaging safety can be analogized to a three-legged stool. Anything less than an equal development of three distinct domains - clinical safety, operational safety, and physical safety - makes for a very precarious position.<br> | Joel Kellogg, ETS-Lindgren and Tobias Gilk, Radiology Planning<br> | 2014-10-01T05:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/HCB1014KelloggGilk.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />Physical MRI Safety</a> | | |
| Real-time,high-tech healthcare. Strategies for designing an efficient intra-operative magnetic resonance imaging space | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/Real-time,high-tech healthcare. Strategies for designing an efficient intra-operative magnetic resonance imaging space | Real-time,high-tech healthcare. Strategies for designing an efficient intra-operative magnetic resonance imaging space | <p>Intra-operative magnetic resonance imaging is quickly becoming the leading technology in the integration of various radiologic modalities for medical procedures. iMRI refers to the use of an MRI magnet during a surgical or treatment procedure — either a moving magnet brought into the theater or by moving the patient to the room containing the magnet. In both cases, imaging of precise locations is performed prior to, during and after the surgical or treatment procedure. </p> | <p>Jim Mueth and Joe Weibler </p> | 2014-05-01T05:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/mcd052014.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />Real-time,high-tech healthcare. Strategies for designing an efficient intra-operative magnetic resonance imaging space</a> | | |
| Regarding the Creation and Use of Dual Antenna Factors for Use in Normalized Site Attenuation (NSA) Measurements | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/Regarding the Creation and Use of Dual Antenna Factors for Use in Normalized Site Attenuation (NSA) Measurements | Regarding the Creation and Use of Dual Antenna Factors for Use in Normalized Site Attenuation (NSA) Measurements | <p>In order to assist a customer with a lower measurement uncertainty contribution, ETS-Lindgren provides customers with a Dual Antenna Factor (DAF). This paper provides an equation to calculate Geometry Specific Correction Factors (GSCF) based on the DAF. GSCF is defined in ANSI C63.5-2017 [1]. GSCF is required for calculating the theoretical site attenuation values for site validation measurements.<br></p> | <p>Zhong Chen<br></p> | 2017-11-03T05:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/Regarding%20the%20Creation%20and%20Use%20of%20DAFactors%20for%20use%20in%20NSA.pdf"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />Regarding the Creation and Use of Dual Antenna Factors for Use in Normalized Site Attenuation (NSA) Measurements</a> | | |
| Reverberation Chambers for Wireless Applications | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/Reverberation Chambers for Wireless Applications | Reverberation Chambers for Wireless Applications | <p>Owing to the beauty of its statistical behavior, reverberation chambers can be utilized as a measurement environment[1]. In a metallic cavity, numerous resonance modes can be excited. Each mode is induced by standing waves of the electrical fields that resonate with crests and troughs residing spatially. Such field variation due to resonance is seemingly contrary to the concept to establish a constant field with which the measurement can be repeated accurately inside the test volume. Repeatability is the key to the construction of a feasible measurement system. Although each individual resonance mode shows field deviation, the averaged field over sufficient modes can statistically achieve certain field uniformity that the measurement is then repeatable.</p> | <p>Yulung Tang, Shaoyang Cheng, John Xiao </p> | 2014-05-01T05:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/SafetyEMC052014.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />Reverberation Chambers for Wireless Applications</a> | | |
| Sound Advice: Ten Things to Know About Acoustical Testing | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/Sound Advice: Ten Things to Know About Acoustical Testing | Sound Advice: Ten Things to Know About Acoustical Testing | <p>How well do you know your windows? If you have never tested them at an acoustical testing laboratory, you probably don’t know them as well as you should. The information gained from acoustical testing is an essential part of architectural specifying and manufacturing and can have an impact on your clients’ satisfaction, contracts, and bottom line. Testing shows the acoustical performance of your window and easily identifies leaks and underperformance that can lead to unhappy customers and possibly legal actions. So what do you need to know to get your money’s worth out of acoustical testing? Read the article for ten tips to ensure a successful acoustical test experience. </p> | <p>Brian Stahnke and Dr. Douglas Winker</p> | 2015-07-01T05:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/Jul2014.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />Sound Advice: Ten Things to Know About Acoustical Testing </a> | | |
| Surface and Internal-Temperature Versus Incident-Field Measurements of Polyurethane-Based Absorbers in the Ku Band | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/Surface and Internal-Temperature Versus Incident-Field Measurements of Polyurethane-Based Absorbers in the Ku Band | Surface and Internal-Temperature Versus Incident-Field Measurements of Polyurethane-Based Absorbers in the Ku Band | <p>In recent years, there has been an increased need for testing antennas and radar systems at high power. Since absorbers work by transforming electromagnetic energy into thermal energy, there is a danger that in the presence of high fields, the absorber will reach temperatures that will cause it to ignite. In the present paper, standard polyurethane absorber was illuminated by a conical-horn antenna. </p> | <p></p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><td></td><td><span style="line-height:115%;font-size:12pt;"><font face="Calibri">Zhong Chen and Vince Rodriguez</font></span></td></tr></tbody></table> | 2014-02-01T06:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/Chen-AbsorberspowerhandlingAPS.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />Surface and Internal-Temperature Versus Incident-Field Measurements of Polyurethane-Based Absorbers in the Ku Band</a> | | |
| The Future of MIMO Over-the-Air Testing | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/The Future of MIMO Over-the-Air Testing | The Future of MIMO Over-the-Air Testing | Wireless radios implementing multiple-antenna or adaptive antenna technologies are pervading LTE and Wi-Fi. These technologies involve some level of interaction with the RF environment, and their dynamic nature means that traditional performance tests that do not adequately reflect the real-world environment will not provide the desired device performance information. In fact, the benefits of some of these approaches can only be tested in an over-the-air environment that reflects an expected use case. This article describes some of the challenges and issues with RF performance tests in a multipleinput multiple-output over-the-air environment, surveys recent approaches used to address these topics, and covers some open areas of current work. | Michael D. Foegelle | 2014-09-01T05:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/FutureofMIMO-Foegelle.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />The Future of MIMO Over-the-Air Testing</a> | | |
| Time-Domain Method on Validation of Radiated Emission Test Site Above 1GHz | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/Time-Domain Method on Validation of Radiated Emission Test Site Above 1GHz | Time-Domain Method on Validation of Radiated Emission Test Site Above 1GHz | Recently, it was decided in American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) C62® committee that a new standard C63.25 will be drafted to include all site validation procedures within ANSI standards. The time domain sVSWR (TD sVSWR) for site validation above 1 GHz is expected to be included. The invited expert, Mr. Zhong Chen, was interviewed to interpret TD sVSWR briefly and to propose some ideas for the development of site validation. <br> | Zhong Chen<br> | 2015-02-01T06:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/ZhongChentimedomaininterview.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />Time-Domain Method on Validation of Radiated Emission Test Site Above 1GHz</a> | | |
| Using LISN as an Electronic System EMC Diagnostic Tool | | http://www.ets-lindgren.com/support/literature/Using LISN as an Electronic System EMC Diagnostic Tool | Using LISN as an Electronic System EMC Diagnostic Tool | <p>Most EMC engineers consider a Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) to be a device that presents the ac power line of the equipment under test (EUT) with a precise impedance over a designated frequency range. This is the required function of a LISN. A LISN can also be used as... </p> | | 1986-01-01T06:00:00Z | <a href="/sites/etsauthor/WhitePapers/LisnElec.pdf" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/_layouts/15/IMAGES/icpdf.png" />Using LISN as an Electronic System EMC Diagnostic Tool </a> | | |